Orbit Fit and Astrometric record for 673087

The following information shows the result of the orbit fit based on Gary Bernstein's method. Most of the information should be self-explanatory. Take special note that while the original Bernstein software works with barycentric coordinates, we convert these results into a heliocentric coordinate system.

# Object: 673087    
# Created Fri Nov 22 02:07:50 2024
# Orbit generated by ELGB
# -->Covariance matrix from a Bernstein fit
# Fitting    114 observations of    114
# Arc:  13.97y
# First observation: 2010/02/25
#  Last observation: 2024/02/15
# Chi-squared of fit:    88.32 DOF:    222 RMS:  0.16
# Min/Max residuals:    -0.58    0.73
# Exact a, adot, b, bdot, g, gdot:
  1.543103E-05  2.184775E-02 -2.278266E-07 -9.588610E-04  2.332404E-02 -2.767471E-03
# Covariance matrix:
  0.0000E+00  0.0000E+00  0.0000E+00  0.0000E+00  0.0000E+00  0.0000E+00
  0.0000E+00  0.0000E+00  0.0000E+00  0.0000E+00  0.0000E+00  0.0000E+00
  0.0000E+00  0.0000E+00  0.0000E+00  0.0000E+00  0.0000E+00  0.0000E+00
  0.0000E+00  0.0000E+00  0.0000E+00  0.0000E+00  0.0000E+00  0.0000E+00
  0.0000E+00  0.0000E+00  0.0000E+00  0.0000E+00  0.0000E+00  0.0000E+00
  0.0000E+00  0.0000E+00  0.0000E+00  0.0000E+00  0.0000E+00  0.0000E+00
#      lat0       lon0       xBary       yBary       zBary        JD0
  -27.300427  160.556400    0.070758   -0.454994   -0.881507  2455252.894476
# Heliocentric elements and errors
Epoch:              2455252.5000  =  2010/02/25
Mean Anomaly:          270.75375 +/-     0.000
Argument of Peri:        8.93018 +/-     0.000
Long of Asc Node:      255.99257 +/-     0.000
Inclination:            26.81506 +/-     0.000
Eccentricity:         0.12881139 +/-    0.0000
Semi-Major Axis:     43.11796985 +/-    0.0000
Time of Perihelion: 2480889.8625 +/-       0.0
Perihelion:          37.56388406 +/-    0.0000
Aphelion:            48.67205564 +/-    0.0000
Period (y)              283.1364 +/-      0.00
# Ecliptic coordinates at JD0 (AU and AU/d)
Ecliptic X          -36.83404227 +/-    0.0000
Ecliptic Y           13.07592709 +/-    0.0000
Ecliptic Z          -19.66453894 +/-    0.0000
Ecliptic XDOT        -0.00053035 +/-    0.0000
Ecliptic YDOT        -0.00252579 +/-    0.0000
Ecliptic ZDOT         0.00004892 +/-    0.0000
# Distances at JD0 (AU)
Heliocenter to KBO   43.75417428 +/-    0.0000
Geocenter to KBO     42.87433584 +/-    0.0000
# Hcoef:  4.80

The following table shows the complete astrometric record for 673087. The first three columns show the date of observation. The next six columns are RA and DEC. The next column (when provided) is the observed magnitude and filter. The next column is the object name (673087) followed by the observatory code and reference code for the source of the astrometry.

2010 02  25.39371  10 06 14.295  -17 38 47.98  21.2G 673087    F51  C~2kRK      
2010 12  16.63045  10 15 16.626  -18 06 22.00  21.4G 673087    F51  C~2kRK      
2011 03  25.06266  10 09 00.491  -17 56 36.13  21.5R 673087    809  C~0UX7      
2011 03  25.14645  10 09 00.168  -17 56 32.85  21.1R 673087    809  C~0UX7      
2011 03  25.22775  10 08 59.832  -17 56 30.12  21.0R 673087    809  C~0UX7      
2011 03  26.01131  10 08 56.928  -17 55 59.44  20.9R 673087    809  C~0UX7      
2011 03  26.12723  10 08 56.484  -17 55 55.16  21.3R 673087    809  C~0UX7      
2011 03  26.23556  10 08 56.063  -17 55 51.27  21.2R 673087    809  C~0UX7      
2011 05  26.01557  10 07 26.43   -17 15 57.3         673087    807  C~0evL      
2011 05  26.04498  10 07 26.47   -17 15 56.6         673087    807  C~0evL      
2011 12  05.63688  10 20 09.969  -18 30 42.82  21.4G 673087    F51  C~2kRK      
2012 01  28.52358  10 17 58.768  -18 49 19.97  20.9G 673087    F51  C~2kRK      
2012 01  28.53570  10 17 58.713  -18 49 20.02  20.8G 673087    F51  C~2kRK      
2012 02  02.46132  10 17 37.480  -18 49 04.22  21.5G 673087    F51  C~2kRK      
2012 02  04.46351  10 17 28.602  -18 48 51.92  21.9G 673087    F51  C~2kRK      
2012 02  04.47611  10 17 28.545  -18 48 51.77  22.0G 673087    F51  C~2kRK      
2012 12  22.65477  10 24 41.794  -19 11 51.30  21.8G 673087    F51  C~2kRK      
2013 03  20.36358  10 18 56.639  -19 03 28.02  20.7i 673087    F51  C~2FaT      
2013 03  20.37616  10 18 56.590  -19 03 27.64  20.9i 673087    F51  C~2FaT      
2013 03  20.38928  10 18 56.542  -19 03 27.16  20.9r 673087    F51  C~2FaT      
2013 03  20.40078  10 18 56.490  -19 03 26.64  20.8r 673087    F51  C~2FaT      
2013 05  05.29408  10 16 53.006  -18 31 56.26  21.6G 673087    F51  C~2kRK      
2013 12  15.62374  10 29 44.316  -19 38 35.20  21.9G 673087    F51  C~2kRK      
2015 01  06.54686  10 34 02.340  -20 19 09.33  21.0i 673087    F51  C~1vY1      
2015 01  06.55984  10 34 02.318  -20 19 09.48  20.6i 673087    F51  C~1vY1      
2015 01  06.57284  10 34 02.281  -20 19 09.79  20.6i 673087    F51  C~1vY1      
2015 02  02.49318  10 32 26.057  -20 23 03.42  21.0i 673087    F51  C~1vY1      
2015 02  02.50451  10 32 25.996  -20 23 03.20  21.1i 673087    F51  C~1vY1      
2015 02  02.52707  10 32 25.912  -20 23 03.11  21.3i 673087    F51  C~1vY1      
2015 03  25.37508  10 28 33.240  -20 03 57.74  21.2i 673087    F51  C~1vY1      
2015 03  25.38686  10 28 33.195  -20 03 57.36  21.1i 673087    F51  C~1vY1      
2015 03  25.39862  10 28 33.150  -20 03 57.20  21.5i 673087    F51  C~1vY1      
2015 03  25.41038  10 28 33.092  -20 03 56.62  21.1i 673087    F51  C~1vY1      
2015 04  23.25144  10 27 00.458  -19 43 51.32  20.9G 673087    F51  C~2kRK      
2015 04  26.24133  10 26 54.293  -19 41 41.49  21.7G 673087    F51  C~2kRK      
2015 04  26.24230  10 26 54.296  -19 41 41.29  21.6G 673087    F51  C~2kRK      
2015 06  11.25875  10 26 58.403  -19 13 22.18  21.7G 673087    F51  C~2kRK      
2016 02  12.49811  10 36 46.836  -20 52 47.10  20.9G 673087    F51  C~2kRK      
2016 02  12.50887  10 36 46.782  -20 52 46.96  21.0G 673087    F51  C~2kRK      
2016 02  12.51961  10 36 46.739  -20 52 46.85  20.9G 673087    F51  C~2kRK      
2016 02  12.53041  10 36 46.684  -20 52 46.76  21.0G 673087    F51  C~2kRK      
2016 03  02.43331  10 35 17.078  -20 47 04.64  20.5G 673087    F51  C~2kRK      
2016 03  02.44543  10 35 17.035  -20 47 04.18  20.8G 673087    F51  C~2kRK      
2016 03  02.45754  10 35 16.965  -20 47 03.95  20.8G 673087    F51  C~2kRK      
2016 03  12.39212  10 34 30.269  -20 42 20.18  21.3G 673087    F51  C~2kRK      
2016 03  12.40377  10 34 30.219  -20 42 19.78  21.2G 673087    F51  C~2kRK      
2016 03  12.41544  10 34 30.162  -20 42 19.49  21.0G 673087    F51  C~2kRK      
2016 03  12.42708  10 34 30.108  -20 42 19.06  21.0G 673087    F51  C~2kRK      
2016 04  12.32463  10 32 28.240  -20 22 28.14  20.6G 673087    F51  C~2kRK      
2016 04  12.33496  10 32 28.204  -20 22 27.56  20.7G 673087    F51  C~2kRK      
2016 04  12.34530  10 32 28.167  -20 22 27.15  20.8G 673087    F51  C~2kRK      
2016 04  12.35566  10 32 28.140  -20 22 26.76  20.9G 673087    F51  C~2kRK      
2017 03  16.34812  10 39 20.979  -21 11 13.38  21.7G 673087    F51  C~2kRK      
2017 04  25.25238  10 36 59.330  -20 44 08.95  20.9G 673087    F51  C~2kRK      
2017 04  25.26333  10 36 59.302  -20 44 08.47  21.0G 673087    F51  C~2kRK      
2017 04  25.27430  10 36 59.272  -20 44 07.99  21.1G 673087    F51  C~2kRK      
2017 04  28.26308  10 36 53.046  -20 41 56.33  21.2G 673087    F51  C~2kRK      
2017 04  28.27467  10 36 53.028  -20 41 55.80  21.3G 673087    F51  C~2kRK      
2017 12  26.57512  10 49 40.177  -21 44 14.15  21.5G 673087    F51  C~2kRK      
2017 12  26.58611  10 49 40.155  -21 44 14.39  21.5G 673087    F51  C~2kRK      
2017 12  26.59710  10 49 40.135  -21 44 14.65  21.2G 673087    F51  C~2kRK      
2017 12  26.60811  10 49 40.116  -21 44 15.03  21.2G 673087    F51  C~2kRK      
2018 01  09.56537  10 49 11.545  -21 50 16.17  21.1G 673087    F51  C~2kRK      
2018 01  09.57571  10 49 11.514  -21 50 16.31  21.4G 673087    F51  C~2kRK      
2018 01  09.58604  10 49 11.496  -21 50 16.60  21.4G 673087    F51  C~2kRK      
2018 01  09.59636  10 49 11.460  -21 50 16.79  21.5G 673087    F51  C~2kRK      
2019 12  11.61994  11 00 13.206  -22 31 56.99  21.0i 673087    F51  C~3VYC      
2019 12  11.63119  11 00 13.202  -22 31 57.42  21.4i 673087    F51  C~3VYC      
2019 12  11.64231  11 00 13.209  -22 31 57.91  21.3i 673087    F51  C~3VYC      
2019 12  12.60130  11 00 13.471  -22 32 38.31  20.8i 673087    F51  C~3VYC      
2019 12  12.61219  11 00 13.475  -22 32 38.80  20.3i 673087    F51  C~3VYC      
2019 12  12.62318  11 00 13.462  -22 32 39.39  21.2i 673087    F51  C~3VYC      
2019 12  30.61087  11 00 01.701  -22 43 35.36  21.4w 673087    F51  C~3Z9I      
2019 12  30.62179  11 00 01.684  -22 43 35.73  21.4w 673087    F51  C~3Z9I      
2019 12  30.63267  11 00 01.670  -22 43 36.04  21.5w 673087    F51  C~3Z9I      
2019 12  30.64358  11 00 01.653  -22 43 36.35  21.4w 673087    F51  C~3Z9I      
2020 01  20.52442  10 59 11.382  -22 51 17.99  21.1w 673087    F51  C~3cq6      
2020 01  20.53469  10 59 11.349  -22 51 18.06  21.0w 673087    F51  C~3cq6      
2020 01  20.54500  10 59 11.314  -22 51 18.15  21.0w 673087    F51  C~3cq6      
2020 01  20.55525  10 59 11.275  -22 51 18.31  20.9w 673087    F51  C~3cq6      
2020 04  28.27478  10 52 25.046  -22 12 06.40  21.2w 673087    F51  C~3qNF      
2020 04  28.28505  10 52 25.018  -22 12 05.93  21.2w 673087    F51  C~3qNF      
2020 04  28.29531  10 52 24.995  -22 12 05.47  21.3w 673087    F51  C~3qNF      
2020 04  28.30557  10 52 24.969  -22 12 05.05  21.3w 673087    F51  C~3qNF      
2021 01  17.54953  11 04 39.262  -23 19 03.46  20.8w 673087    F51  C~4UFs      
2021 01  17.56051  11 04 39.229  -23 19 03.64  20.9w 673087    F51  C~4UFs      
2021 01  17.57153  11 04 39.187  -23 19 03.77  20.8w 673087    F51  C~4UFs      
2021 01  17.58253  11 04 39.162  -23 19 04.02  20.8w 673087    F51  C~4UFs      
2021 02  07.54535  11 03 21.921  -23 21 30.38  21.0w 673087    F51  C~4ZFn      
2021 02  07.55566  11 03 21.862  -23 21 30.42  21.1w 673087    F51  C~4ZFn      
2021 02  07.56596  11 03 21.829  -23 21 30.49  21.3w 673087    F51  C~4ZFn      
2021 02  07.57632  11 03 21.779  -23 21 30.39  21.2w 673087    F51  C~4ZFn      
2022 03  11.399840 11 06 19.371  -23 41 39.17  21.0w 673087    F52  C~5Vg2      
2022 03  11.410758 11 06 19.322  -23 41 38.88  21.0w 673087    F52  C~5Vg2      
2022 03  11.421696 11 06 19.262  -23 41 38.85  21.0w 673087    F52  C~5Vg2      
2022 04  09.297304 11 04 09.249  -23 24 22.37  20.9w 673087    F52  C~5Xi8      
2022 04  09.308160 11 04 09.192  -23 24 21.84  21.0w 673087    F52  C~5Xi9      
2022 04  09.319064 11 04 09.165  -23 24 21.34  21.0w 673087    F52  C~5Xi9      
2022 04  09.329900 11 04 09.110  -23 24 20.88  21.0w 673087    F52  C~5Xi9      
2023 03  27.392763 11 10 34.872  -24 01 08.44  20.7w 673087    F52  C~6bzi      
2023 03  27.403576 11 10 34.824  -24 01 08.12  20.7w 673087    F52  C~6bzi      
2023 03  27.414380 11 10 34.770  -24 01 07.65  20.8w 673087    F52  C~6bzi      
2023 03  28.361064 11 10 30.450  -24 00 32.76  20.8w 673087    F51  C~6bzi      
2023 03  28.372644 11 10 30.400  -24 00 32.27  20.8w 673087    F51  C~6bzi      
2023 03  28.384227 11 10 30.350  -24 00 31.86  20.7w 673087    F51  C~6bzi      
2023 03  28.395804 11 10 30.295  -24 00 31.60  20.8w 673087    F51  C~6bzi      
2024 02  14.509120 11 19 26.714  -24 43 30.24  20.9w 673087    F52  C~7myA      
2024 02  14.520170 11 19 26.662  -24 43 30.35  21.0w 673087    F52  C~7myA      
2024 02  14.531222 11 19 26.619  -24 43 30.31  20.9w 673087    F52  C~7myA      
2024 02  14.542257 11 19 26.578  -24 43 30.22  20.9w 673087    F52  C~7myA      
2024 02  15.453058 11 19 22.541  -24 43 25.17  20.8w 673087    F51  C~7myA      
2024 02  15.464690 11 19 22.485  -24 43 25.13  20.9w 673087    F51  C~7myA      
2024 02  15.476337 11 19 22.431  -24 43 24.99  20.8w 673087    F51  C~7myA      
2024 02  15.487997 11 19 22.380  -24 43 25.11  20.9w 673087    F51  C~7myA      

The following table shows the residuals to the orbit fit. The first coumn is the point number. The second column is the time, in years, measured from the first observation. The third and fifth columns are the regularized positions used in the orbit fit. The fourth and sixth columns are the residuals, in arc seconds, for RA and Dec respectively.

     1   0.0000      0.00    -0.16       0.00    -0.03
     2   0.8056      0.00    -0.10       0.00    -0.06
     3   1.0751      0.00     0.49       0.00     0.29
     4   1.0753      0.00     0.52       0.00     0.37
     5   1.0755      0.00     0.19       0.00    -0.02
     6   1.0777      0.00     0.73       0.00     0.59
     7   1.0780      0.00     0.72       0.00     0.42
     8   1.0783      0.00     0.60       0.00     0.11
     9   1.2447      0.00    -0.37       0.00     0.33
    10   1.2448      0.00    -0.24       0.00     0.09
    11   1.7748      0.00    -0.16       0.00    -0.01
    12   1.9223      0.00    -0.22       0.00     0.12
    13   1.9224      0.00    -0.26       0.00     0.06
    14   1.9358      0.00    -0.22       0.00    -0.05
    15   1.9413      0.00    -0.20       0.00    -0.06
    16   1.9414      0.00    -0.19       0.00     0.00
    17   2.8234      0.00    -0.08       0.00    -0.14
    18   3.0636      0.00    -0.18       0.00     0.06
    19   3.0636      0.00    -0.11       0.00    -0.02
    20   3.0636      0.00     0.00       0.00    -0.02
    21   3.0637      0.00    -0.05       0.00     0.08
    22   3.1893      0.00    -0.17       0.00    -0.58
    23   3.8035      0.00     0.11       0.00    -0.03
    24   4.8628      0.00    -0.27       0.00    -0.15
    25   4.8629      0.00    -0.06       0.00    -0.04
    26   4.8629      0.00    -0.08       0.00    -0.09
    27   4.9366      0.00     0.09       0.00    -0.38
    28   4.9366      0.00    -0.07       0.00    -0.19
    29   4.9367      0.00     0.15       0.00    -0.17
    30   5.0759      0.00    -0.18       0.00     0.05
    31   5.0760      0.00    -0.12       0.00    -0.02
    32   5.0760      0.00    -0.06       0.00    -0.31
    33   5.0760      0.00    -0.19       0.00    -0.17
    34   5.1550      0.00    -0.04       0.00    -0.06
    35   5.1632      0.00    -0.10       0.00    -0.02
    36   5.1632      0.00    -0.02       0.00     0.13
    37   5.2892      0.00    -0.08       0.00     0.22
    38   5.9633      0.00     0.02       0.00    -0.03
    39   5.9634      0.00    -0.03       0.00    -0.01
    40   5.9634      0.00     0.08       0.00    -0.01
    41   5.9634      0.00     0.01       0.00    -0.03
    42   6.0152      0.00    -0.20       0.00    -0.28
    43   6.0152      0.00     0.04       0.00    -0.13
    44   6.0152      0.00    -0.13       0.00    -0.20
    45   6.0424      0.00    -0.03       0.00     0.01
    46   6.0425      0.00     0.04       0.00     0.04
    47   6.0425      0.00     0.01       0.00    -0.04
    48   6.0425      0.00     0.02       0.00     0.02
    49   6.1271      0.00     0.00       0.00    -0.18
    50   6.1271      0.00    -0.05       0.00    -0.05
    51   6.1272      0.00    -0.12       0.00    -0.08
    52   6.1272      0.00    -0.03       0.00    -0.14
    53   7.0526      0.00     0.06       0.00    -0.04
    54   7.1618      0.00    -0.01       0.00     0.01
    55   7.1619      0.00    -0.05       0.00     0.00
    56   7.1619      0.00    -0.12       0.00     0.00
    57   7.1701      0.00    -0.03       0.00    -0.04
    58   7.1701      0.00     0.06       0.00    -0.02
    59   7.8335      0.00     0.04       0.00    -0.11
    60   7.8335      0.00    -0.04       0.00    -0.01
    61   7.8335      0.00    -0.09       0.00     0.08
    62   7.8336      0.00    -0.13       0.00     0.04
    63   7.8718      0.00    -0.07       0.00    -0.04
    64   7.8718      0.00    -0.11       0.00     0.03
    65   7.8718      0.00     0.04       0.00    -0.05
    66   7.8719      0.00    -0.08       0.00    -0.03
    67   9.7912      0.00     0.09       0.00    -0.09
    68   9.7912      0.00    -0.01       0.00    -0.04
    69   9.7912      0.00     0.06       0.00    -0.06
    70   9.7939      0.00     0.16       0.00     0.00
    71   9.7939      0.00     0.19       0.00    -0.03
    72   9.7939      0.00    -0.02       0.00    -0.16
    73   9.8432      0.00     0.03       0.00    -0.05
    74   9.8432      0.00     0.04       0.00    -0.09
    75   9.8432      0.00     0.09       0.00    -0.07
    76   9.8433      0.00     0.09       0.00    -0.05
    77   9.9004      0.00     0.04       0.00    -0.05
    78   9.9005      0.00     0.06       0.00     0.02
    79   9.9005      0.00     0.05       0.00     0.06
    80   9.9005      0.00    -0.02       0.00     0.04
    81  10.1708      0.00     0.00       0.00     0.10
    82  10.1708      0.00    -0.05       0.00     0.11
    83  10.1708      0.00    -0.03       0.00     0.10
    84  10.1709      0.00    -0.05       0.00     0.06
    85  10.8943      0.00     0.04       0.00     0.03
    86  10.8944      0.00     0.05       0.00     0.03
    87  10.8944      0.00    -0.07       0.00     0.08
    88  10.8944      0.00     0.06       0.00     0.01
    89  10.9518      0.00     0.16       0.00     0.11
    90  10.9518      0.00    -0.04       0.00     0.05
    91  10.9519      0.00     0.14       0.00    -0.05
    92  10.9519      0.00     0.07       0.00     0.03
    93  12.0383      0.00     0.09       0.00     0.08
    94  12.0384      0.00     0.16       0.00     0.07
    95  12.0384      0.00     0.08       0.00    -0.20
    96  12.1175      0.00     0.08       0.00    -0.02
    97  12.1175      0.00    -0.13       0.00     0.05
    98  12.1175      0.00     0.12       0.00     0.09
    99  12.1176      0.00    -0.06       0.00     0.09
   100  13.0814      0.00     0.01       0.00     0.07
   101  13.0815      0.00     0.05       0.00    -0.01
   102  13.0815      0.00    -0.01       0.00     0.07
   103  13.0841      0.00    -0.03       0.00     0.06
   104  13.0841      0.00     0.03       0.00     0.12
   105  13.0842      0.00     0.08       0.00     0.10
   106  13.0842      0.00     0.06       0.00    -0.07
   107  13.9688      0.00    -0.11       0.00     0.19
   108  13.9689      0.00    -0.15       0.00     0.02
   109  13.9689      0.00    -0.05       0.00     0.00
   110  13.9689      0.00     0.09       0.00     0.04
   111  13.9714      0.00     0.03       0.00     0.07
   112  13.9714      0.00    -0.02       0.00     0.04
   113  13.9715      0.00    -0.04       0.00     0.12
   114  13.9715      0.00    -0.01       0.00    -0.07

The following table comes from a 10My integration of the orbit of the object. Three columns are shown. The first column is the result of integrating the nominal orbit. The other two columns are based on clones of the nominal orbit that are +/- 3 sigma from the nominal orbit. If all three types agree then the classificiation is deemed secure. The basis for these calculations is described in more detail in AJ, 129, 1117 (2005). Any use made of these calculations should refer to and credit this publication and the Deep Ecliptic Survey Team.

673087    quality flag:3

Type:       SCATEXTD  SCATEXTD  SCATEXTD

axisobj        43.167    43.167    43.167
ecceobj         0.126     0.126     0.126
incobj         26.794    26.794    26.794
qmin           36.923    36.923    36.923
qmax           50.041    50.039    50.042
amean          43.345    43.345    43.345
amin           42.993    43.000    42.989
amax           43.720    43.726    43.720
emean           0.132     0.132     0.132
emin            0.119     0.118     0.119
emax            0.145     0.145     0.145
imean          28.221    28.225    28.222
imin           27.899    27.899    27.899
imax           28.541    28.563    28.542
excite_mean     0.491     0.491     0.491
fracstop        1.000     1.000     1.000
cjmean          2.790     2.790     2.790

libcent 0      -180.0    -180.0    -180.0
libamp  0      -180.0    -180.0    -180.0
libcent 1      -180.0    -180.0    -180.0
libamp  1      -180.0    -180.0    -180.0
libcent 2      -180.0    -180.0    -180.0
libamp  2      -180.0    -180.0    -180.0
libcent 3      -180.0    -180.0    -180.0
libamp  3      -180.0    -180.0    -180.0
libcent 4      -180.0    -180.0    -180.0
libamp  4      -180.0    -180.0    -180.0

kozaimean       165.0     164.9     164.8
kozaiamp        180.0     180.0     179.9